museum

The Future of Telling Stories Part I: Museums

Lillian Evanti by Loïs Mailou Jones

In what can only be described as blitz, the White House and President Trump, as of today --April 3, 2025-- has issued 109 executive orders.

We're just 74 days into the term and the administration has issued more executive orders than any other in their first 100 days, already surpassing Franklin Roosevelt, who issued 99. The first Trump administration (2017-2021) itself issued just 33 executive orders in its first 100 days. Biden issued 43, Obama 19, W. Bush 11, and Clinton 13.

First of all, what is an executive order? I found this explanation by the ACLU helpful. (linked)

An executive order is a written directive, signed by the president, that orders the government to take specific actions to ensure “the laws be faithfully executed.” It might mean telling the Department of Education to implement a certain rule, or declaring a new policy priority. Executive orders, however, cannot override federal laws and statutes.

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With an executive order, the president can’t write a new statute, but an order can tell federal agencies how to implement a statute.

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With an executive order, President Trump can order the federal government to take any steps that are within the scope of the constitutional authority of the executive branch, and do not violate any federal law.

For perspective, I am not lawyer. I am an historian that relays histories through walking tours and storytelling. I have also been a civics educator, museum educator, and a professional development expert for teachers. Across several disciplines, I have two decades of experience in the education field. But, you don't have to be a lawyer or an educator to understand the practical, on-the-ground consequences of an executive order.

One of the recently issued orders was "Restoring Truth and Sanity to American History," issued on March 27th. The order chastises two museums in particular, the National Museum of African American History and Culture and the American Women's History Museum.

In the order, the Smithsonian is cautioned (by way of conditioning federal expenditures) against creating programs that:

  • "...degrade shared American values, divide Americans based on race, or promote programs or ideologies inconsistent with Federal law and policy; and

  • ... recognize men as women in any respect in the Museum."

In essence, this order seeks to control narratives of American history & culture developed by Smithsonian museums through exhibitors and other programming. Federal policy has revealed itself in the past few months as essentially opposing mentions or acknowledgment of any struggle against racism, sexism, transphobia, xenophobia, and other institutional challenges faced by marginalized people.

Which leaves me wondering what exactly Smithsonian museums will be allowed to showcase within their walls. Of course, not all museums feature historical exhibitions. Visual arts, music, design, textiles, crafts, math, science, aviation, geography, history, culture, and even the humble postage stamp are covered in some part by Smithsonian museum exhibitions. And yes, the National Zoo is included.

Would these past exhibitions be allowed under what are sure to be newly introduced guidelines?

Righting a Wrong, NMAH. Closed in 2019. A very small (maybe 1,000 square foot) exhibition exploring the effects of Executive Order 9066 on Japanese Americans during World War II. About 120,000 people of Japanese descent were imprisoned against their will and without due process by President Roosevelt's Executive Order. Is presenting this information divisive? What about nomenclature and terminology -- Would the camps be referred to "assembly centers," internment camps, concentration camps, works camps, or prisons? Would this exhibition be allowed at all? This exhibition, like many successful exhibitions, features stories told by real people themselves or through objects from their lives.

We Belong Here, NMAH. This is a current exhibition (unveiled in 2022) in the common area on the first floor. It features stories of athletes that exemplify the changes made possible by Title IX, a landmark law that bolstered equality in sports. Some of the original text of the exhibition read "...athletes continue to face sexism, racism, transphobia, and other forms of bigotry." Would that statement be allowed under the new executive order? Currently, the exhibition features Leo Baker, a trans, non-binary skateboarder. Would their story be scrubbed? Will exhibitions be allowed to acknowledge both the progress made AND lingering disparities, as this exhibition does? This exhibition, like many successful exhibitions, features stories told by real people themselves or through objects from their lives.

Americans, NMAI. This is also a current, but long running exhibition. Americans may be my favorite permanent exhibition of the National Mall museums. Filled with artifacts, this exhibition explores the full extent that American Indian imagery has been embedded in American life -- from the seemingly benign to the extremely problematic and hurtful. And it's deep. Many "traditional" narratives about Americana are challenged, including deeply embedded historical narratives about the Thanksgiving holiday and misinterpreted historical narratives about Pocahontas & other real life figures. Will these illuminations be removed? Will visitors be allowed to receive this information and be prompted to think about reasoning and implications? This exhibition, like many successful exhibitions, features stories told by real people themselves or through objects from their lives.

To be clear, none of these specific exhibitions have been slated for removal, adaptation, or any other changes as of today. But my fear is that either 1) vague, prohibitive, and punitive guardrails are placed on museum leadership and staff, or 2) line-item, word-for-word changes are made in specific exhibitions by non-museum government overseers, or 3) both. Either would lead to a diminished and tarnished role for these museums as centers of learning. This would be a disservice to U.S. Americans and non-American visitors alike.

Where would that leave the museum landscape? Storytelling comes in many forms. When helping the average visitor to Washington, DC start to understand the deep and complex woven fabric of U.S. history and culture, the Smithsonian is the first place most people start. The artifacts within the museums are not static pieces of history. The text, photos, websites, and programming that accompany the objects bring the objects to life.

It's not perfect, and any one museum wouldn’t be able to paint every picture from every possible perspective. However, across 19 museums (and hopefully more) this institution, along with other non-Smithsonian museums, are the most accessible way to see the vast narratives that make us, us. Disrupting this pathway to leaning for narrow political and punitive reasons would harm the work museums have been doing to be more representative and could destroy public trust that those efforts will continue.

In Part II, I'll dive into what this executive order could mean for me as a researcher, guide, and educator. I use narratives to pass along information to visitors who are with me for just a short amount of time, but want to learn a lot of DC and American history. Will that change? And how will our relationships with museums change if many are forced into editing history for unjust reasons?

Links:
Official White House page "Restoring Truth..." EO
Akin (law firm) summary of "Restoring Truth..." EO
Federal Register (Archives) list or 2025 EOs
UCSB American Presidency Project EO Tracker

Exhibition Spotlight: "I’ll Have What She’s Having”: The Jewish Deli

Learning through food histories is a fascinating & compelling way to explore the past and learn about peoples, regions, and cultures. For instance, a few years ago I wrote a 60 minute food histories of DC program for a client and through this strictly food-based research, I learned so much more about the District of Columbia itself. A new exhibition at the Capital Jewish Museum titled "I’ll Have What She’s Having”: The Jewish Deli encapsulates all of that same sentiment and more.

From exploring the effects of 20th century immigration, to defining the actual foods served in delis, to surprisingly relevant modern day pop culture movie references, this exhibition is more than just a food history. It showcases how American Jews, through delis, created new American food traditions, ensured continuity of important established traditions, and practiced a time-tested, cross cultural social exercise — sitting down together to have a meal.

Of course, since this is the Capital Jewish Museum —as in Washington, DC— there is a solid emphasis on the DC area history in deli culture from present day and years past. That includes the suburbs of Washington, too. Not to mention the existing interactive computer display of delis and other Jewish owned business, schools, places of worship, and significant sites in the ongoing exhibition (Connect. Reflect. Act.).

I loved the mix of laying groundwork through immigration histories while showing present day ephemera that makes every individual deli that particular deli — uniforms, menus, equipment, signage, and advertisements. We have all seen these places in everyday city life, but the context and meaning make seeing the exhibition more of a journey. And of course, if you explore it all from beginning to end, you'll get to watch the namesake, payoff “I’ll have what she’s havingfilm scene in the final gallery. Admittedly a somewhat hilarious sounding clip if you haven't seen the movie and you hear it while making your way through the adjacent room in the exhibition.

“I’ll Have What She’s Having”: The Jewish Deli” is on view through August 20, 2024. As a special exhibition, it does require an entrance ticket of $15. The rest of the museum is free with timed ticket. Walk-ins are excepted as space permits. 575 3rd St NW.

Exhibition Spotlight: Brilliant Exiles

Josephine Baker est aux Folies-Bergère. Lithograph, 1936. ByMichel Gyarmathy (1908-1996).

Happy belated birthday Josephine Baker! The singer, dancer, and actor who captivated Paris in the 1920s was born 118 years ago this week, on June 3, 1906.

Baker was but one of many innovative and creative American women who moved to Paris in the early 20th century seeking personal autonomy along with professional agency and success.

Some of these “brilliant exiles” are profiled in the new National Portrait Gallery exhibition by the same name, “Brilliant Exiles: American Women in Paris, 1900-1939.” The exhibition is open through February 23, 2025.

Loïs Mailou Jones 1905-1998. Charcoal and chalk on textured paper, c. 1940. By Céline Tabary (1908-1993) .

Gertrude Stein 1874-1946. Oil on canvas, 1905-6. By Pablo Picasso (1881-1973).

The show is made up of nearly 80 works of art, mostly in the form of portraits. The portraits are of, and sometimes also by these Americans who shifted and elevated the Paris culture through literature, visual, arts, dance, drama, and philosophy.

Portraiture has a way of annunciating identity in a more evocative way than even the written word can. This exhibition does that in a simple way, letting the paintings speak for themselves.

Baker, like the other American women featured in the exhibition, did not leave the U.S. and land in Paris by accident or coincidence. Crushing legal and social limitations in the U.S. left little room for freedom expression for independent and talented women. Restrictions were based not on just gender, but sexuality, race, economic stratifications, and politics. Paris was not a panacea for all U.S. societal ills, but the artistic climate offered more independence, agency, and freedom to an extent that, for these women, the U.S. could not compare.

Mercedes de Acosta 1893-1968. Oil on canvas, 1923. By Abram Poole (1882-1961).

Baker herself moved to Paris in 1925. She did return to the U.S. for short stints in theatrical productions, and more extensively to lend her aid to the cresting civil rights movements in the 1960s. But by then she was a Parisian through and through, having gained French citizenship way back in 1937. Baker died in Paris, passing away in her sleep on April 12, 1975, just days after performing in a show marking her 50th year of her Paris debut.

This exhibitions is about more than Baker herself. The portraits that make up the show give a luminescent view into the personality, and dare I say, aura, of the people captured. This is high recommend to visit before the show closes in February of 2025!

This and all Exhibition Spotlights are brought to you by our wonderful Patrons. Patrons get monthly insight into new and upcoming museum exhibitions, DC history posts, photographs not shown anywhere else, and more. If you like this post, there’s way more at Patreon.com/AttucksAdams! Memberships start at just $3/month.

In Exaltation of Flowers: Rose- Geranium; Petunia-Caladium-Budleya; and Golden-Banded Lily-Violets. Katharine Nash Rhoades 1885-1965. Marion H. Beckett 1886-1949. Mercedes de Cordoba Carles 1879-1963. Tempera and gold leaf on canvas, 1910-13. By Edward Steichen(1879-1973).

New Works at the Gallery: Bisa Butler

This week I will be sharing some of my favorite new pieces on display at the Smithsonian American Art Museum and National Portrait Gallery.

Up second is "Patternmaster" by Bisa Butler.

Octavia Butler is one of my favorite authors – but I’m not alone. She was a groundbreaking science fiction author and multiple award winning literary giant whose work perhaps has resonated more even after her passing in 2006.

Butler is known for complex world building while incorporating themes such as racial injustice, gender inequality, environmental degradation, genetic engineering, and human (and sometimes alien) evolution.

In that same world building vein, Bisa Butler (no relation) has used various materials to build this stunning portrait of Octavia Butler. The artist used cotton, silk, vinyl, lace, beads, rhinestones, and other materials that all come together to make a quilt. The quilt is the portrait. Bisa Butler’s layering of fabric and materials mimic the layering of human emotion, speculative fiction, and fantastical scenarios that make Octavia Butler's writing so engaging. Talk about the portrait matching the person. This is it.

Check out yesterday’s post on Roger Brown and stay tuned for the final post tomorrow.✌🏾

Exhibition Spotlight: Afro-Atlantic Histories

Afro-Atlantic Histories is both 1) an historical exhibition about the African diaspora *and* 2) an array of depictions of the African diaspora in art, past and present. Expectedly, it's more the latter, but art can inspire us to learn more, and also inform us in the meantime.

Hosted at the National Gallery of Art (NGA), this exhibition feels extremely worldly, perhaps more than any other recent exhibition there. Originally this show debuted in 2018 at Brazil's Museu de Arte de São Paulo.

This show has over 130 artworks and objects from the 17th century to today. Media from paintings, to metal & wood sculptures, to photographs, to video are all present, and more. The entire show comprises about six galleries, which is substantial for NGA. It is worth a trip.

Afro-Atlantic Histories is open through July 17, 2022.

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